Variable costs in the retail industry are expenses that fluctuate in direct proportion to the quantity of goods or services produced or sold. These costs vary based on the level of business activity and can include items such as raw materials, production labor, and direct sales commissions. Unlike fixed costs, which remain constant regardless of production levels, variable costs increase or decrease as the volume of sales or production changes. Understanding and effectively managing variable costs is crucial for retailers to make informed decisions about pricing, production levels, and overall financial performance, contributing to the profitability and sustainability of the business.